Proyectos

TRANSFERENCIA SUPERCOMPUTACIÓN PARA INNOVACIÓN EN SALUD REGIONAL: HPC-UOH Y HRLBO

El monto corresponde a 23500 EUR con tasa de conversión de 1022,47 CLP/EUR. Este es el presupuesto asignado para el primer año.

Chile, Peru and France, as well as many countries in South America and Europe, share a very similar systems to deal with their electricity markets. In parallel, all three countries (together with the rest of the world) are being affected by climate change in many aspects, such as scarcity of water, intense droughts, pollution and the greenhouse effect, the necessity of new energy sources, just to name a few. To face these challenges, we need new technology coming from many fields of science. One of such fields is mathematics and in particular, stochastic optimization and game theory. These theoretical fields allow us to model economic interactions, management solutions, optimal design and operations, among many other relevant aspects of Natural Resources and Energy Management. In the present project, we propose to develop new theoretical and numerical advances in four research lines, concerning Stochastic Optimization and Game Theory. Namely, we will work on: 1) Continuity-like properties in Equilibrium problems; 2) Regularity in Generalized Equilibrium problems; 3) Bilevel games with decision-dependent uncertainty; and 4) Algorithms and mechanism design in learning games. The four research lines are strongly motivated by the aforementioned applications.

Chile, Peru and France, as well as many countries in South America and Europe, share a very similar systems to deal with their electricity markets. In parallel, all three countries (together with the rest of the world) are being affected by climate change in many aspects, such as scarcity of water, intense droughts, pollution and the greenhouse effect, the necessity of new energy sources, just to name a few. To face these challenges, we need new technology coming from many fields of science. One of such fields is mathematics and in particular, stochastic optimization and game theory. These theoretical fields allow us to model economic interactions, management solutions, optimal design and operations, among many other relevant aspects of Natural Resources and Energy Management. In the present project, we propose to develop new theoretical and numerical advances in four research lines, concerning Stochastic Optimization and Game Theory. Namely, we will work on: 1) Continuity-like properties in Equilibrium problems; 2) Regularity in Generalized Equilibrium problems; 3) Bilevel games with decision-dependent uncertainty; and 4) Algorithms and mechanism design in learning games. The four research lines are strongly motivated by the aforementioned applications.

Frailty is increasingly becoming an important public health challenge worldwide because it is associated with older age, and with adverse outcomes such as reduced quality of life, increased mortality rates, hospitalizations, falls, depression, and dementia. Frailty is defined as dynamic state affecting an individual who experiences losses in one or more domains of human functioning (physical, psychological, social) that are caused by the influence of a range of variables, and which increases the risk of adverse outcomes. This more integral conceptual definition promotes the collaboration of scientists, social and behavioral professionals as well as clinicians from diverse specialties. In this proposal an interdisciplinary group (Biochemistry, Geriatric, Occupational Therapist, Kinesiologist, social worker, bioengineer, statistician among others) aims to evaluate frailty in Chile with a biopsychosocial approach with the final purpose to identify and manage frailty while taking into consideration all the dimensions. Additionally, we aim to design a multidomain personalized person-base intervention for a healthy aging that can uncover a circulating microRNA biomarker panel that can allow an early-detection of frailty, leading to a new multidimensional geriatric assessment. We propose the following hypothesis: A personalized multidimensional training program reduces the frailty prevalence, increasing adherence and participation in the program among community-living older adults. This intervention will be paralleled by a distinctive miRNA profile reflecting the multiple domains of frailty, as well as improvements in diverse psychosocial traits.

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis, a severe invasive disease, with mortality rates as high as 30 %. This pathogen has caused several foodborne outbreaks and product recalls worldwide, with significant economic consequences for the food industry. Lm can resist many stresses used in food-processing environments (FPE) to control bacterial growth. Biofilm formation is another strategy that allows Lm to persist in FPE and contaminate foods. In natural environments, biofilms often consist of mixedspecies communities with dynamic interactions between different species. The structure and persistence of these biofilms are determined by community compositions, cooperative development, genomic background, environment-responsive gene expression, and the material on which the biofilm forms, among others. The design of materials with anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm properties is an emerging strategy to control the presence of foodborne pathogens in the FPE. Smart surfaces with on-demand antimicrobial protection through “physical” activation are ideal for this application. For instance, conductive polymers and piezocatalytic materials generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) by photothermal or mechanical stimulus, respectively. To further advance in the design of effective ROS-releasing antibiofilm materials, it is essential to understand the microbial interactions occurring in biofilms and how molecular mechanisms are regulated by the pathogen under ROS-based stress conditions. In this study, we hypothesize that “The efficacy of ROSreleasing antibiofilm materials can be modulated based on knowledge of the interactions between Lm isolates and other species on biofilms formed under FPE simulated conditions and by identifying specific molecular mechanisms regulated by Lm isolates that persist under these environmental conditions.” This research will take an interdisciplinary approach, integrating knowledge from different fields (microbiology, molecular biology, chemistry, and materials science) to better understand the mechanisms involved in Lm biofilm formation under FPE conditions and use this information to design efficient materials to control bacterial contamination. Our main aim is “to investigate the interplay between Lm and other bacteria in ROS-releasing antibiofilm materials under FPE conditions and identify the molecular mechanisms that Lm activates.” Specific aim-1 To define the best condition for tailor-made ROS generation in conductive polymers and polymer/ZnO composites able to control Lm mixed biofilms. We will design and assess the ROS generation capabilities of conductive polypyrrole (PPy) and piezocatalytic polymer/ZnO materials. We currently have a collection of 300 Lm strains isolated from various sources. Approximately 50% of these strains have had their whole genomes sequenced. The effect of ROS-releasing materials on cell adhesion and biofilm formation will be tested for Lm strains in the presence of other bacterial species isolated from FPE (mixed biofilm) at 8ºC. We will identify the best technical conditions of the ROS-releasing material to control or reduce Lm biofilm formation. In addition, we will know if the Lm strains have different levels of tolerance to ROS under the conditions that we will test. Specific aim-2: To identify Lm genetic features associated with tolerance on ROS-releasing materials. Additional Lm strains from our collection will be sequenced. We will also have access to Lm strains isolated from listeriosis outbreaks with their genome sequences. We will analyze the genomes of Lm strains exhibiting varying levels of biofilm tolerance on ROS-releasing materials under FPE conditions. We will evaluate the association between genomic elements (virulence genes, resistance determinants, and other genomic variations) and the tolerance levels of the ROS-releasing materials to identify new genomic elements associated with biofilm formation. Specific aim-3: To identify molecular programs and ecological roles activated by Lm in response to ROS-releasing material under FPE conditions One material with adjusted photothermal and mechanical ROS generation will be selected to evaluate the global transcriptional response of Lm isolates able to tolerate ROS-releasing materials. We will evaluate this response considering FPE conditions: low temperature and mixed biofilms. In this way, we will identify if some Lm isolates activate specific molecular mechanisms that are associated with the persistence/or higher tolerance to ROS-releasing materials under FPE conditions. Expected outcomes: This research will contribute to advancing the antibiofilm material design, understanding Lm genetic characteristics, and identifying molecular mechanisms activated under conditions used in food processing areas, thus promoting improved food safety and industry practices.

Basal FB210005

This proposal ultimately seeks to provide information to guide conservation and management policies for Myostemma species, and a model to assess the vulnerability to GCC in other organisms of the highly endemic and threatened CWRVF biodiversity hotspot. This project will generate the first complete genome sequence for Amaryllidoideae, which will have a global impact by enabling genome-based evolutionary, breeding, biochemical, and pharmaceutical research.

La colaboración entre nuestros grupos busca formar una alianza para fortalecer la investigación científica y tecnológica y la formación de capital humano calificado en Genómica, Biología de Sistemas y Biotecnología, para mejorar la productividad de especies agrícolas y acuícolas en un escenario de cambio climático, vinculándonos con actores y necesidades del sector productivo. Con esta propuesta, buscamos crear un polo nacional de investigadores capacitados en las últimas herramientas y tecnologías que siente la bases para la postulación conjunta a proyectos asociativos y/o de investigación aplicada e interdisciplinaria en el corto plazo, la producción de artículos científicos y propiedad intelectual y la formación de excelencia de las futuras generaciones.

Durante las últimas décadas, la expectativa de vida promedio ha aumentado dramáticamente, mientras que la salud no ha aumentado proporcionalmente. Para Chile se espera que para el 2050 el número de adultos mayores superará el 30% de la población con un incremento del 109% respecto al 2015, superando el 75% proyectado para la población mundial. Entender el proceso de envejecimeinto y encontrar marcadores biológicos con capacidad diagnóstica y pronóstica, permitirá promover estrategias para aumentar el número de años de vida saludable, disminuyendo los gastos en salud asociado al envejecimiento. Varios estudios han permitido avanzar y entender los mecanismos moleculares de pérdidad de función muscular durante el evenjecimiento, más conocida como sarcopenia. Sin embargo, la complejidad del proceso y el insuficiente conocimiento de los mecanismos subjacentes dificultan el diseño de estrategias terapéuticas eficaces. Hasta el momento, la actividad física y el ejercicio siguen siendo la estrategia más eficaz para previnir y tratar la sarcopenia. Por lo cual, identificar nuevos biomarcadores musculares en combinación con marcadores clínicos bien establecidos de parámetros físicos y funcionales, fortalecería la actual evaluación geriátrica, al utilizar un enfoque interdiciplinario. Los microRNA (miRNA, 18–25 nt de largo) han ganado interés debido a que son moléculas altamente conservadas en todas las especies, y actúan como reguladores positivos y/o negativos de la expresión génica. Entender la relación reguladora directa entre los miARN y el ARN mensajero (mRNA) desempeña en el músculo esquelética es fundamentaltanto para el proceso de transcripción del ARNm y traducción de proteínas como para entender el deterioro de la función muscular. Sin embargo, la regulación de la red post-transcripcional miARN-ARNm y los mecanismos genéticos involucrados en el proceso de envejecimiento del músculo esquelético humano están lejos de ser elucidados. En el presente estudio, nuestro objetivo es explorar e integrar coperfiles emparejados de miARN y ARNm durante la pérdida de función muscular producidad durante el envejecimeinto en personas mayores. Este análisis integral permitirá la identificación de nuevos blancos de miARN y estrategias reguladoras que controlan la expresión génica en la pérdidad de función del músculo esquelético y cómo éstas son modificadas por el entrenamiento de fuerza. Se hipotetiza que existen redes de regulación post-transcripcional miRNA/mRNA que se expresan de manera diferencial en el músculo esquelético de personas jóvenes y personas mayores, que estarían asociadas con cambios en la función muscular durante el envejecimiento. Además, el entrenamiento de fuerza modifica estas redes de regulación, lo que podría contribuir a la mejora de la función muscular y la prevención o atenuación de la sarcopenia. Objetivos generales - Identificar las redes de regulación post-transcripcional miRNA/mRNA involucradas en la pérdida de función musclular en personas mayores que son moduladas por un entrenamiento de fuerza, para proponer nuevos biomarcadores de función muscular durante el envejecimeinto que se correlacionan con parámetros clínicos/funcionales. Objetivos específicos 1. Determinar las redes de regulación post-transcripcional miRNA/mRNA que se expresan diferencialmente en el músculo esquelético de personas jóvenes y personas mayores. 2. Identificar las redes de regulación post-transcripcional miRNA/mRNA que se modifican después de 12 semanas de entrenamiento de fuerza en personas mayores 3. Correlacionar las redes miRNA/mRNA identificadas con parámetros bioquímicos, físicos y funcionales de función muscular, antes y después de 12 semanas de entrenamiento de fuerza en personas mayores Este proyecto busca Identificar nuevos biomarcadores de función muscular durante el envejecimiento, podrían ser utilizados en futuros estudios y en la práctica clínica para evaluar la salud muscular en personas mayores. Además, de contribuir a una mejor comprensión de los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a la pérdida de masa muscular en el envejecimiento y cómo la intervención del entrenamiento de fuerza puede modificar esos mecanismos. Finalmente, el uso de tecnologías avanzadas de secuenciación (mARN y miARN) y bioinformática permitirá impulsar el desarrollo y la mejora de técnicas de secuenciación y análisis de datos en el campo de la genómica y la transcriptómica en el área del envejecimiento, como también, promover la colaboración a nivel nacional e internacional a través de las bases de datos y recursos bioinformáticos generados que estarán a disposición de investigadores del área.