Proyectos

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Resumen Programa El Centro para la Investigación e Innovación en Fruticultura para la Zona Sur busca hacer un uso coordinado de las capacidades tecnológicas instaladas en distintas instituciones de investigación del país para enfrentar los desafíos tecnológicos de la fruticultura chilena, aprovechando las oportunidades que el mercado mundial ofrece al sector productor y exportador. Esta iniciativa busca reforzar las capacidades existentes para realizar investigación, desarrollo e innovación de manera de mejorar la competitividad del sector frutícola chileno, particularmente en los rubros de avellano, cerezo y nogal para enfrentar los desafíos del sector con una mirada trans-institucional e interdisciplinaria, con miras al año 2030. El programa aborda los aspectos de sostenibilidad y uso eficiente de recursos en las 3 especies señaladas, los aspectos genéticos de la producción frutal y los aspectos de postcosecha y calidad de la fruta fresca. Objetivo general Incrementar la I+D+i frutícola en Chile, mediante la ejecución articulada de portafolios de proyectos con visión de largo plazo, que permitan acortar las brechas en tres ámbitos específicos del desarrollo frutícola para mejorar la productividad del sector y contribuir a diversificar y sofisticar el tejido productivo.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Objetivo de la investigación: Evaluar el rol protector de un extracto hidroalcohólico de Lampaya y del ácido docosahexaenoico sobre el aumento de marcadores de inflamación inducidos por ácido palmítico en macrófagos humanos THP-1.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Fondo para presentar Neoliberalismo y la protección de la infancia. Un estudio de caso en el contexto chileno desde una aproximación etnográfica en International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry 2017.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]El objetivó del proyecto de investigación era el desarrollo de una caja de trazadores de la materia orgánica para entender la dinámica de la materia orgánica (MO), los procesos biogeoquímicos y el papel de esta materia en el ciclo del carbono a la escala local y regional. Para lograr este objetivó, la identificación precisa de la fuente de MO es un elemento esencial. La utilización de varios biomarcadores moleculares y especialmente el uso de biomarcadores de lípidos, debido a su presencia ubicua y estabilidad diagenéticos y química, representan uno de los enfoques con un gran potencial.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Centro de investigación con financiamiento basal[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Objetivo General del proyecto fue desarrollar y evaluar un modelo de intervención basado en tecnologías de la información y comunicación para reducir riesgo suicida y fortalecer factores protectores de la salud mental en adolescentes de establecimientos educacionales de la RM y VI Región. El producto central es una plataforma web, con aplicaciones móviles asociadas, que incluye un componente psicoeducativo y uno interactivo que estará constituido por recursos que fomentan el apoyo entre pares (adolescentes) y la generación de estrategias para afrontar problemas afectivos y sociales.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""][/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Appropriate arterial function and structure are vital for a proper cardiovascular performance and therefore fundamental for a healthy life. Arterial function depends on cellular and molecular mechanisms but as well on the structural features. In fact, it has been shown that structural and biomechanical properties of vessels are very much related to several cardiovascular pathologies, such as systemic and pulmonary hypertension. Chronic lack of oxygen (hypoxia), may determine an impairment of the cardiovascular function, potentially deriving in pulmonary/systemic hypertension and cardiac failure. This is particularly relevant in human populations exposed to high altitude (above 2500m), either in chronic continuous (permanent inhabitants) or chronic intermittent (shifts of high altitude workers, such as miners, custom agents astronomers; and mountaineers) fashions. Most of the studies about vascular effects of chronic hypoxia have focused on function and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiological responses. However, few is known about the biomechanical responses of systemic, pulmonary and cerebral arteries in these conditions, particularly in the chronic exposure to hypoxia as it happens in high-altitude population and in several diseases in lowlanders. The main goal of this project is to determine the vascular biomechanical characteristics of a representative rat paradigm of living under hypoxia and, in addition, establish the modelling, numerical simulation and experimental validation of the biomechanical responses of arterial vessels. Specifically, three different types of vessels (aorta, carotid and femoral), at different age (neonates, juveniles and adults) will be analyzed, either under normoxic, chronic permanent hypoxic or chronic intermittent hypoxic conditions. Small rodents have been extensively used as a paradigm of cardiovascular and vascular function, allowing massive steps in the knowledge of mechanisms involved in cardiovascular pathologies. Using a rat model, we will deeply analyze the biomechanical properties of the vasculature of animals exposed to chronic hypoxia (permanent or intermittent) in a hypobaric chamber, adding substantial data for the comprehension of the vascular biomechanical behaviour under these conditions. The need for a better understanding of the biomechanical response of arteries leads to the development of constitutive models that may define realistic and reliable stress-strain relationships. In this project, several constitutive models aimed at describing the biomechanical behaviour of soft tissues will be assessed. The specific aspects to be taken into account of the vessels biomechanical characterisation are: incompressibility of the tissue, presence of large deformations, isotropic and anisotropic material behaviours, residual stresses, rate dependent (i.e., viscous) effects, damage and active response. The material characterisation of the biomechanical behaviour of rat arteries will be performed via in-vitro biaxial and myograph tensile tests and ring opening test, considering standard, cyclic and relaxation loading conditions. From these experiments, the material characterisation will also involve the derivation of the material parameters. Specifically, we will address the development of algorithms for the treatment of non-linearities in the fitting procedure and sensitivity analysis to determine the consistency of the parameters found with this methodology. The analysis will also include comparison between the numerical predictions of the different constitutive models in their application to experimental data to be measured in this project. The analysis of the response of pressurised straight arterial vessels will be additionally carried out. Importantly, this test mimics the in-vivo physiological conditions of the arterial vessel. Aside from the internal pressure, axial stretching is usually considered. As a non-uniform biaxial stress state is commonly developed in this test, this fact extends the validity of the material characterisation. The material response will be described via the constitutive models previously characterised. Due to the complex stress and strain patterns developed in this problem, numerical simulations defined in the context of the finite element method will be performed. The obtained numerical results will be validated with the corresponding experimental measurements. Moreover, we expect to characterise the biomechanical properties of different vascular beds, representatives of systemic, pulmonary and cerebral circulations. We shall also describe the effects of chronic hypoxia on these properties. Furthermore, we will perform histological analyses to assess the ultrastructure and the wall components of the intima, media and adventitia layers and relate them with the biomechanical findings. The outcomes of this project will enhance the knowledge necessary to integrate the functional, structural and biomechanical properties of vascular tissues. Clearly, our data will provide useful information not only for vascular pathophysiology understanding, but also for optimization of medical diagnosis, prognosis and potential therapeutic approaches to the related pathologies[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Overweight and Obesity are worldwide epidemic conditions defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 and ≥30, respectively, characterized by an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body that impairs both physical and psychosocial health and well-being [1]. Notably, according to the Chilean National Health Survey (ENS 2009-2010), 60% of woman in reproductive age (i.e. 15 and 44 years) are overweight or obese [2] with detrimental consequences on women as well as offspring health at long term. Epidemiological evidences have recognized pre-gestational obesity and, in a lesser degree, excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) as independent risk factors in the development of maternal complications and adverse perinatal outcomes [3]. This includes congenital malformations, perinatal death, large for gestational age babies (LGA, >p 90th), macrosomia (> 4 Kg at birth), birth dystocia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and others [4]. This evidences leaded the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States (IOM) to provide guidelines for maternal weight gain in 1990, updated in 2009 [5] in order to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes. Conversely, a large number of evidence has shown that a deficient maternal nutrition during pregnancy affects the early in utero development, inducing adaptations/responses in the fetus and neonate which have been associated to increased risk of diseases in adulthood [6]. This concept, known as "Developmental Origins of Health and Disease” (DOHaD, referred also as intrauterine programming in this proposal) which was coined by Professor David Barker, who reported the association of low birth weight and the risk of T2DM and cardiovascular disease. Notably not only in utero under-nutrition (e.g. intrauterine growth restriction) but also over-nutrition (e.g. macrosomia, LGA) increase the cardiometabolic risk in the offspring [7-9]. Whilst the effect of maternal undernutrition on the risk of disease in the offspring has been extensively addressed, new efforts are required to clarify how increased maternal obesity and body fat previous and during pregnancy impinge an increased cardiometabolic risk in the progeny. In this context, in addition to perinatal complications associated with maternal obesity (MO), there is evidence of persistent adverse effects in the offspring throughout their lifespan. In fact, excessive maternal gestational weight gain is associated with a 2-fold increase in cardiometabolic risk in the offspring, which is evidenced since early infancy [10]. Notably, this effect is substantially higher (~5-fold increase) in offspring from women that initiate their pregnancy with obesity [11, 12]. This is relevant due to the high rate of childhood overweight/obesity in Chile (32.2% of the children ≤ 6 yo are overweight/obese, according to the ENS 2010), which is a strong predictor of later cardiometabolic complications in adulthood [13]. The effect of MO on susceptibility to obesity in the offspring appears to be independent of the presence of gestational diabetes (GDM) [14, 15]. This could have its origin during fetal development since it has been described that newborn whose mothers are obese, with normal glycaemia during gestation, present an increased adiposity versus lean mass compared to control pregnancies [16]. In this respect, it is noteworthy that the size of abdominal adipose tissue and hepatocellular lipid content in neonates strongly correlates with maternal BMI [17-19]. This has been also observed in offspring from pregnant obese non-human primates and mice, which exhibit increased accumulation of hepatic triglycerides and ceramides even before birth [17-19]. Furthermore, MO also relates with metabolic disturbances in the newborn, such as a reduced insulin sensitivity and altered inflammatory markers [20]. Altogether these data suggest that postnatal obesity could be programmed by MO during fetal development, however the mechanisms underlying the intrauterine programming of obesity are currently unknown. In this context inflammation, a mechanism exacerbated in pregnancies with MO, represents a potential pathway participating in this process.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Objetivos: Caso de estudio continental 1) Caracterizar y reconocer las áreas de mayor biodiversidad de megafauna extinta (mamíferos de >44 kg de masa corporal) para el periodo de transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno en Sudamérica. 2) Identificar si dichas áreas corresponden a posibles corredores o rutas utilizadas por los primeros cazadores-recolectores que colonizaron el continente durante el Pleistoceno tardío. Caso de estudio particular: Desierto de Atacama 3) Caracterizar la distribución de especies de megafauna para para el Desierto de Atacama (y para los Andes Centrales), tomando en cuenta el rico registro paleoclimático de la región como variable explicativa de la presencia de ciertas especies de megafauna en este sector. 4) Analizar si dicha distribución podría explicar el uso por parte de los primeros humanos de distintas rutas de migración en el sector (costeras, alto andinas y a través del desierto). Metodología: Generar Modelos de Distribución de Especies a nivel continental para los distintos taxa de megafauna extinta sudamericana que existieron durante la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno. Estos modelos se generarán utilizando la locación geográfica e información cronológica del rico registro fósil de megafauna existente para Sudamérica, junto con información de las condiciones ambientales extraída de modelos climáticos generados para distintos momentos de la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno. A partir de los Modelos de Distribución de Especies se identificarán las áreas de mayor biodiversidad (aquellas con la mayor cantidad de taxa) las cuales se comprarán con la distribución geográfica de sitios arqueológicos tempranos. Todo esto con la finalidad de identificar posibles rutas de migración humana hacia el continente. Para el caso del Desierto de Atacama (y de los Andes centrales) se aplicará la misma metodología descrita anteriormente pero haciendo uso del rico registro paleclimático existente para la región. Además, utilizaré los modelos para estimar la distribución pasada de especies actuales que habitan el sector desde el Pleistoceno tardío. Los Modelos de Distribución de Especies resultantes se compraran con la distribución geográfica de sitios arqueológicos para intentar reconocer las rutas migratorias usadas por los primeros humanos que colonizaban este ambiente extremo. Con la idea de obtener mayor información acerca de la megafauna extinta que habitó el Desierto de Atacama, me uniré a un grupo de investigadores en labores de rescate y análisis de sitios fósiles recientemente encontrados. Mi propósito es aportar con mi conocimiento de datación de megafauna extinta por radiocarbono y obtener más datos que mejoren la calidad de los modelos planeados. Resultados esperados: Se espera que la superposición de los modelos de distribución de megafauna extinta para la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno muestre las áreas que probablemente exhibían la mayor biodiversidad para este periodo. Al comprar dichas áreas con la locación geográfica de los sitios tempranos de colonización humana en Sudamérica, se espera reconocer si las rutas de migración escogidas por los primeros cazadores-recolectores habrían sido determinadas por la presencia de mayor o menor biodiversidad de megafauna. Para el caso del Desierto de Atacama y los Andes Centrales, se espera obtener la probable distribución de las especies de megafauna que habitaban el área de manera más detallada, dado el uso de registros paleoclimáticos específicos para la zona como variables predictivas. Se espera que dichos Modelos de Distribución de Especies de megafauna permitan comprender e identificar la elección de rutas migratorias por los primeros cazadores-recolectores que habitaron estas regiones en particular.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]