Proyectos

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]El objetivo es diseñar e implementar una estrategia transdisciplinaria de vinculación entre los apicultores de la región y la Universidad de O´Higgins, que permita construir una “Hoja de Ruta” para resolver las brechas existentes en el sector y definir las líneas de investigación aplicada a desarrollarse. Esto permitirá mejorar la asociatividad de los apicultores, mejorar la salud de las colmenas, los servicios de polinización y por ende la productividad apícola regional.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Título: “Efecto protector de un extracto hidroetanólico de Lampaya medicinalis Phil. (Verbenaceae) sobre la respuesta inflamatoria y la disrupción de la señalización de la insulina inducida por ácido palmítico en modelos celulares adiposos humanos”.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""][/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Goal: This grant aims to describe the role of epigenetics programming in the progression of BBB injury in growth-restricted neonates. Furthermore, we will identify the molecules and mechanisms of junctional complexes and adhesion molecules of the BBB that are affected by gestational hypoxia. The original contribution of this project is to trace the time course of origins and outcomes of the BBB permeability and integrity impairment related to epigenetic mechanisms, due to gestational chronic hypoxia.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]La presente propuesta tiene como objetivo adaptar y validar un instrumento de evaluación del grado de conocimiento de la población general sobre salud mental y de sus actitudes en torno a la búsqueda de ayuda, en el marco del concepto de literacidad en salud mental y aplicar este instrumento a una muestra predeterminada que permita generar una línea base sobre la cual planificar acciones y evaluar avances en el tiempo. Esto responde a la licitación pública hecha por el Ministerio de Salud de Chile: Estudio sobre acceso a información de salud mental en la población general Licitación ID 757-69-LE20.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]La presente propuesta tiene como objetivo adaptar y validar un instrumento de evaluación del grado de conocimiento de la población general sobre salud mental y de sus actitudes en torno a la búsqueda de ayuda, en el marco del concepto de literacidad en salud mental y aplicar este instrumento a una muestra predeterminada que permita generar una línea base sobre la cual planificar acciones y evaluar avances en el tiempo. Esto responde a la licitación pública hecha por el Ministerio de Salud de Chile: Estudio sobre acceso a información de salud mental en la población general Licitación ID 757-69-LE20.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Crop pests and diseases lead to massive production loss, creating a global food supply and economic loss. Modern agriculture controls diseases by extensive application of chemicals, however this strategy brings undesired effects, such as human health problems by exposure to these chemicals, environmental contamination and development of pesticide resistant pathogens. Agricultural industry is an economically important activity in Chile, compromising close to 10% of the labor force. The fruit industry (excluding table grapes) corresponds to 8.5% of the arable lands (342,654.2 hectares), where Prunus persica (peach and nectarines, called hereinafter as Peach) has an important place. Peach orchards are affected by several diseases such as, bacterial canker caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae and brown rot blossom blight caused by the fungi Monilinia fructicola and M. laxa, which are controlled mainly by using pesticides. In this context, the need to better understand peach immunity has arisen for developing alternative or supplementary strategies to control crop diseases. Plant immunity relies on the capacity of each individual cell to recognize pathogen threat, through cell surface and intracellular receptors, initiating immune responses to defend themselves. Cell surface receptors are called Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) by their ability of recognizing characteristic microbial-derived molecules called microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Upon MAMP recognition Pattern Triggered Immunity (PTI) is activated, defense responses are elicited enabling the plant to ward off pathogen colonization. MAMPs are distinctive molecules present in bacteria or fungi, non-strain specific, such as bacterial flagellin and fungal endoxylanases, which are recognized by specific PRRs, forming the MAMP/PRR recognition system that triggers the defense. The presence of PRRs is tightly correlated with higher broad pathogen resistance. In fact, transgenic Citrus sinensis, Medicago truncatula, Triticum avium, Nicotiana benthamiana, and Solanum lycopersicum carrying exogenous PRR present higher pathogen resistance. Moreover, Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) linking resistance to pathogens with PRRs in Phaseolus vulgaris and Hordeum vulgare. These evidences highlight the potential of exploiting MAMP/PRR recognition system in modern agriculture. We are focused to study in Peach two well described MAMP/PRR recognition model systems: flg22/FLS2 and xyn11/LeEIX2 recognition system. In the case of Flg22/FLS2 recognition system a conserved flagellin peptide, named flg22, is recognized by the PRR FLS2, activating oxidative burst, hormone production and transcriptional activation of Pathogen related (PR) genes. In xyn11/LeEIX2 recognition system a conserved peptide of endoxylanases type 11, named hereinafter xyn11, is recognized by the PRR EIX2, activating oxidative burst, ethylene production, expression of PR proteins and hypersensitive response. These recognition systems are agriculturally important because they can recognize the bacteria Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp and Xanthomonas sp and the fungi Trichoderma viridea and Botrytis cinerea. Remarkably, Bacterial Canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae is a current problem for Peach crops in Chile, as well, grey mold caused by Botrytis cinerea infection is a common post-harvesting disease for fruits. Peach immunity is poorly described, however transcriptomic analysis showed more than 20 PRR like proteins induced by Xanthomonas arboricola infection and QTL analysis have identified two RLK genes associated to peach resistance against Monilinia spp, the causal agent of brown rot blossom blight, one of the most economically important peach diseases. However, no functional analyses have described MAMP/PRR recognition systems in peach to date. We expect to generate novel and valuable information regarding Peach immunity, characterizing peach flg22/FLS2 and xyn11/LeEIX2 recognition systems, as well as the defense responses triggered by them and their involvement in resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis ciniera. In addition, we will explore whether these recognition systems, particularly xyn11/LeEIX2 participate in Monilinia spp recognition.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]El estigma asociado a salud mental es uno de los problemas más importantes de la salud mental con perspectiva de salud pública hoy, concitando – en diversos grados de avance - desarrollo académico, políticas públicas, acciones locales y participación de la sociedad civil. A nivel de políticas en salud todavía hay una importante brecha que completar. En 2010, ya el estigma era parte de los temas definidos en la Estrategia Nacional de Salud, dentro del eje estratégico de “Enfermedades no transmisibles, violencia y discapacidad”, bajo el resultado esperado “Promover la inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad de origen mental”, por ejemplo, se plateó el resultado de “Contar con un plan regional para reducir estigma hacia personas con problemas o trastornos mentales”. Si bien esto movilizó algunos desarrollos regionales, esto no alcanzó a todo el país. Por esta razón, el Plan Nacional de Salud Mental 2017-2025 volvió a retomar el tema. Esta vez, asignándole mayor prioridad, lo cual queda plasmado en el plan de acción asociado, donde la materia tiene una línea específica. El objetivo de la línea es “reducir el estigma relacionado a problemas de salud mental” y cuenta entre sus principales iniciativas con: • Diseñar e implementar un plan para abordar el estigma relacionado con la salud mental • Desarrolla un levantamiento sistemático de información acerca de buenas prácticas sobre estigma en la salud mental, en la red de salud, la sociedad civil y el mundo académico. • Realizar un Diagnóstico de estigma asociado a salud mental en población seleccionada[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Estudio de casos de Diabetes Mellitus de nueva aparición[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]To control plant pests and pathogens, growers traditionally use pesticides. This make the modern agriculture dependent on the use of these chemical compounds, particularly in fruit production. In Chile, especially in the O’Higgins Region, fruit industry is well developed and highly technified, but the excessive use of pesticides may carry the risk of causing environmental contamination and human health problems. The main fruit crop in this region is sweet cherry, whose production is for export, and the main phytosanitary problem is the bacterial canker caused mainly by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss). Cherry bacterial canker control is primarily based on protective copper-spraying. However, copper-resistance has been detected in Pseudomonas spp. strains isolated from cherry orchards from the Central Valley of Chile. Copper-resistant strains can survive the copper applications from one season to another, which in Chile has led to an increase of the applied doses, resulting this in copper contamination of soil and water, with negative environmental effects. Therefore, new non-contaminating alternatives need urgently to be developed in order to dampen and restrain bacterial canker. To defend themselves, plants rely on the capacity of each individual cell to initiate immune responses using both cell surface and intracellular receptors. For this, plants utilize an innate two-tiered immune system: Pathogen Triggered Immunity (PTI) and Effector Triggered Immunity (ETI). Upon Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) recognition, Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) activate a signaling cascade, that leads to robust transcriptional and physiological response in order to restrict pathogen attack. This first defense layer is in charge of most non-adapted pathogens, also known as non-host interaction. However, adapted pathogens have evolved mechanisms to repress PTI by delivering proteins (effectors), surpassing this first tier of immunity. In response, plants have also evolved, developing a second tier of immunity, responsible for warding off adapted pathogens in a strain-specific interaction. This resistance is based on resistance (R) proteins, which are intracellular immune receptors, typically Nucleotide binding Leucine rich Repeat (NLR) proteins, that recognize specific effector (avr) proteins coming from pathogens, leading to activation of signaling cascades which restore plant resistance. When attacked by pathogens, plant defense strategy relies on plant molecular machinery capacity to recognize the pathogen, transduce the signal and deploy a defense response, and also on the pathogen-derived molecules, MAMPs and effectors, exposed to the plant. In the case of sweet cherry, variations in susceptibility to Pss have recently been observed in sweet cherry cultivars grown in Central Chile. However, the physiological and molecular mechanism underlying remains unravel. Currently, there is a gap in knowledge regarding cherry tree immune system, there is evidence that plant resistance inducers such as salicylic acid can induce priming upon pathogen infection causing post-harvest fruit decay. However, there are other PRIs such as MAMPs, β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and nitric oxide (NO) that could improve cherry defense mechanisms against P. syringae. Therefore, a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying cherry defense activation, from pathogen perception to resistance induction is required to develop alternatives to conventional pesticides which often are harmful for the environment, farmers and consumers. Accordingly, our research questions are: Which are the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in priming and 4 defense activation in cherry plants upon Pss infection? Are these mechanisms differentially activated between susceptible and resistance cherry varieties? Do susceptible and resistance cherry varieties present a differential priming under different PRIs exposure? Even more, the increasing of aridity and drought in the North of the country, the advancing desert toward the South and a reduction in water resources in the central zone of Chile, are expected along the XXI century. In this scenario of climate change, other question arises: Which are the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in priming and defense activation in cherry plants upon Pss infection combined with water deficit? Through this proposal, we intend to answer to these questions, in order to establish the basis for optimize the control of the bacterial canker in cherry fruit tree, by strategies that provide for the use of resistance inductors. We propose two hypotheses: a) Cherry cultivars with differential susceptibility to bacterial canker, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, present genetic differences in the molecular machinery of plant immunity; b) Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae infection is enhanced by water restriction due to an alteration of the molecular machinery of plant immunity. The aims of this proposal is to obtain a better understanding of the plant-pathogen molecular interactions of sweet cherry bacterial canker in relationship with water deficit, using mainly omics strategies. In accordance to this, the specific objectives of this proposal are: 1. To determine Pseudomonas syringae (Ps) pathovars associated with bacterial canker and blossom blast in sweet cherry plants; 2. To establish the immune response of sweet cherry cultivars with contrasting sensitivity to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss); 3. To characterize cherry scion/rootstock system with contrasting sensitivity to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) combined with water restriction. To reach these objectives, the activities programmed are: For objective 1: 1.1. Selection and characterization of Ps pathovars from sweet cherry; 1.2. Genome analysis and gene annotation; 1.3. Identification and characterization of genes involved in pathogenicity. For objective 2: 2.1. Determination of phytosanitary state of the plants to be used for the trials; 2.2. Anatomical analysis of leaves from two sweet cherry cultivars with contrasting sensitivity to Pss: Santina (Resistant) and Bing (Susceptible); 2.3. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of two sweet cherry cultivars with contrasting sensitivity to Pss: Santina (Resistant) and Bing (Susceptible); 2.4. Physiological and molecular characterization of two sweet cherry cultivars with contrasting sensitivity to Pss, Santina (Resistant) and Bing (Susceptible), defense response to Pss infection; 2.5. Identification and functional characterization of the molecular machinery of plant immunity from sweet cherry; 2.6. Physiological and molecular characterization of the effect of plant resistance inducers and evaluation of their efficiency to reduce Pss infection in cherry plants. For objective 3: 3.1. Determination of phytosanitary state of the plants to be used for the trials (as in 2.1.); 3.2. Grafting to obtain different combinations of scion/rootstock: Bing/Maxma14 (susceptible/resistant); Bing/Gisella12 (susceptible/susceptible); Santina/Maxma14 (resistant/resistant) and Santina /Gisella12 (resistant/susceptible); 3.3. Transcriptomic analysis of two cherry scion/rootstock systems with differential sensitivity to Pss: Santina/Maxma14 (Resistant) and Bing/Gisella12 (Susceptible) combined with water restriction (as in 2.3 plus water restriction); 3.4. Combined stress experiments; 3.5. Physiological analysis of different scion/rootstocks combinations (4) of cherry plants during Pss infection and water restriction; 3.6. Metabolomics analysis of different rootstocks/scion combinations (4) of cherry plants during Pss infection and water restriction.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]