Plants, with their two-layered immune system, are equipped to combat pathogen invasion. The first layer, Pattern Triggered Immunity (PTI), is a powerful defense mechanism. It relies on Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) to detect Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) from microbes, triggering a robust defense response. This response, including signaling cascades, gene expression changes, and production of antimicrobials and defense hormones, contributes to restricting pathogen colonization. PTI activation can trigger a systemic response known as Induced Systemic Resistance (IRS), enhancing plant defenses throughout the organism and leading to Non-Host-Resistance. The potential of PTI activation to enhance a plant's overall defensive capacity is a promising strategy to improve crop health. PTI activation at infection sites triggers the production of mobile signals within the plant, which then spread IRS throughout the plant, enhancing its overall defensive capacity. Flg22 and xyn11, two well-known MAMPs, trigger PTI in tomato, activating various defense responses and, interestingly, including IRS in tomatoes and other plants. Plant roots, often overlooked in discussions of plant immune systems, possess their own immune system, though less potent than leaves. They respond to MAMPs like Flg22 and chitin, but with weaker production of defense chemicals. Despite this difference, roots activate various defenses like PR proteins and callose deposition. Uniquely, roots secrete antifungal secondary metabolites like flavonoids. These root exudates play a crucial role in shaping the surrounding microbiome, attracting beneficial microbes, and possess antimicrobial activity itself. Studies have shown that root exudate composition can be manipulated to influence the soil microbiome and potentially enhance plant growth. This underlines the importance of considering roots in our understanding of plant immune systems, particularly how defense responses are displayed in the root after immune activation in leaves in terms of a systemic immune response. This often overlooked aspect is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of plant immunity. Plants and microbes communicate two-way, establishing an interaction, by instance, plant root exudates influence the composition of the rhizosphere microbiome, which in turn regulates plant growth and immunity. Research suggests that specific bacteria within the rhizosphere microbiome can enhance plant immunity. In fact, transplanting the microbiome from a resistant tomato variety to a susceptible one improved disease resistance. Understanding this plant-microbiome-soil interaction is crucial for developing sustainable agriculture. Our ongoing research investigates how soil type influences tomato immunity and its connection to the soil microbiome. Preliminary results show that different soil types affect the strength of plant immunity responses, even though the overall bacterial types (phyla) are similar. Interestingly, specific bacterial isolates from a soil type with higher immunity were able to directly trigger plant defense mechanisms. Unraveling the intricate interplay between soil type, the rhizosphere microbiome, and tomato immunity holds the key to unlocking sustainable and resilient agricultural practices. This proposal aims to investigate the potential of targeted Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI) activation in tomato leaves to enhance plant defense against diverse pathogens. We hypothesize that leaf application of microbial elicitors (flg22 and Xyn11) will trigger PTI, leading to changes in root gene expression and root exudate composition. These alterations are expected to enrich beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere microbiome, ultimately enhancing resistance against both the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. To achieve this, we have defined three specific objectives: 1) Evaluate the impact of leaf-applied elicitors on pathogen susceptibility, root gene expression, root exudate composition, and soil microbiome composition. 2) Develop synthetic exudates mimicking PTI-activated plants and construct synthetic microbial communities potentially containing beneficial bacteria. 3) Assess the effectiveness of leaf-applied elicitors and synthetic microbial communities on the root microbiome and plant health under field conditions. With this, we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which leaf-based PTI activation influences root-level processes and shapes the rhizosphere microbiome to enhance tomato plant defense against various pathogens. The findings hold promise for developing novel and sustainable strategies for disease management in tomato production.

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]We propose a three-stage study to explore the roles of BCRNF on NUE, wheat productivity, and nutritional grain quality. In Stage 1, we will assay the effect of BCRNFs on N-dynamics and chemical soil properties through soil incubations performed under controlled conditions for 90 days. We will measure N-losses periodically through volatilization of NH3 and NO2. Additionally, we will quantify potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), changes in the C:N ratio, and changes in pH and soil nutrient content during nine sampling dates. In Stage 2, two independent experiments will be conducted to evaluate the interaction among BCRNFs with soil and its effect on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical plant adaptive strategies related to NUE. In Experiment 1, wheat will be harvested at the pre-anthesis growth stage, and plant growth parameters and N concentration in tissues will be used to determine N uptake efficiency (NUPE). Additionally, it will measure plant adaptative strategies related to N-uptake, such as root architecture, exudation of organic acids by roots, and changes in enzymatic and microbial activities in the soil. In Experiment 2, wheat plants will be harvested at the maturity stage to evaluate the relationship between grain yield and N concentration to determine N utilization efficiency (NUTE). Plant adaptive strategies related to NUTE will also be assessed, including N-translocation and remobilization, CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomal conductance (gs), photosynthesis per unit of N, PNUE. In addition, the leaf response to the fluorescence and stay green trait will also be performed. The amount of nitrogen in grain derived from the fertilizer (Ndff) will be calculated using the δ15N values obtained from grains. In Stage 3, the effect of BCRNFs on wheat productivity and nutritional quality will be evaluated in field conditions. The trials will be conducted over two agricultural seasons, and the impact of BCRNFs on soil and plant samples will be assessed at three different stages: anthesis, soft dough grain, and hard dough grain. During these stages, the chemical properties of the soil, as well as microbial and enzymatic activities, will be evaluated. Photosynthetic parameters such as A, gs, Ci, E, Fo, Fm, and QY will be quantified. The plant height, harvest index, and yield components will be assessed at the end of each growing season. Grain quality indicators like protein content, gluten levels, and sedimentation rate will also be measured. Finally, the amount of nitrogen in grain derived from the fertilizer (Ndff) will be calculated using the δ15N values obtained from grains. This proposal focused on understanding the interconnections among soil, N-fertilizer, and plant physiology, using wheat as a model crop. The primary aim is to boost N management strategies in agriculture, ensuring a balance between productivity and sustainability. The initiative seeks to create a technological solution to enhance NUE, reduce environmental impact, and ensure global food security.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

[vc_section el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center circle--pattern" css=".vc_custom_1648956589196{padding-top: 3rem !important;}"][vc_row el_class="pb-5"][vc_column][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu="6"][uoh_breadcrumb_component automatic_breadcrumb="true"][uoh_title_component title_dropdown="big" title_decorator="true"]{{title}}[/uoh_title_component][vc_column_text css=""]Fluctuaciones glaciares del Cuaternario tardío en Chile central: bases para comprender el pasado, presente y futuro del clima”.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649209804184{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center p-md-0 pt-5"][vc_column el_class="p-0"][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section css=".vc_custom_1649210787516{background-color: #f6faff !important;}" el_class="p-md-0 pt-md-5 pb-md-5"][vc_row el_class="container mx-auto align-items-center"][vc_column][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]

Este proyecto busca analizar el nivel de competencias digitales en estudiantes universitarios, abordando las brechas de género como un aspecto clave para una educación inclusiva y adaptada a las demandas de la era digital. La temática seleccionada es orden de género, ya que está investigación evaluará los factores asociados a las competencias digitales en estudiantes de primer y último año de la Universidad de O’Higgins, con el propósito de validar su impacto en la formación académica y el desarrollo de una ciudadanía digital activa y responsable. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se utilizará un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) que permitirá medir cinco dimensiones de competencias digitales según el Marco Europeo DigComp: alfabetización informacional y de datos, comunicación y colaboración, creación de contenido digital, seguridad y resolución de problemas. Además, se evaluará el efecto moderador del género en la relación entre estas competencias y el nivel de ciudadanía digital, considerando su relevancia en el contexto de la transformación digital. El estudio se desarrollará mediante un enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando un cuestionario validado que será aplicado a una muestra representativa de estudiantes con equidad de género. Los resultados serán analizados a través de SEM con mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM) para entender cómo estas competencias impactan la preparación de los y las estudiantes frente a los desafíos digitales actuales. Al finalizar el proyecto, los resultados se compartirán mediante, al menos, una publicación científica de alto impacto, una presentación en congreso, y un seminario de cierre dirigido a la comunidad universitaria, generando una base de conocimiento que apoye el desarrollo de políticas institucionales para reducir las brechas digitales de género en la educación superior.

El proyecto busca fortalecer las competencias en Ciencia, Tecnología, Conocimiento e Innovación (CTCI) en comunidades educativas. Este objetivo se enfoca en escuelas públicas de alta vulnerabilidad, promoviendo la integración y valorización de las iniciativas del Programa Explora, y robusteciendo el ecosistema CTCI en la región de O'Higgins. Objetivo General: Contribuir al fortalecimiento de competencias CTCI en comunidades educativas mediante la valorización y apropiación de los instrumentos del Programa Explora, con especial énfasis en establecimientos públicos con altos índices de vulnerabilidad. Objetivos Específicos: Planificar, ejecutar y evaluar actividades que fortalezcan competencias CTCI en estudiantes, docentes y educadores de párvulos mediante la implementación y evaluación de instrumentos del Programa Explora. Diseñar e implementar un plan de acción para integrar las iniciativas del Programa Explora en la gestión educativa de las comunidades. Establecer alianzas estratégicas con actores relevantes del sector público, privado y académico para asegurar la sostenibilidad de las acciones del Programa Explora en colaboración con el ecosistema CTCI.

Este proyecto busca analizar el nivel de competencias digitales en estudiantes universitarios, abordando las brechas de género como un aspecto clave para una educación inclusiva y adaptada a las demandas de la era digital. La temática seleccionada es orden de género, ya que está investigación evaluará los factores asociados a las competencias digitales en estudiantes de primer y último año de la Universidad de O’Higgins, con el propósito de validar su impacto en la formación académica y el desarrollo de una ciudadanía digital activa y responsable. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se utilizará un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) que permitirá medir cinco dimensiones de competencias digitales según el Marco Europeo DigComp: alfabetización informacional y de datos, comunicación y colaboración, creación de contenido digital, seguridad y resolución de problemas. Además, se evaluará el efecto moderador del género en la relación entre estas competencias y el nivel de ciudadanía digital, considerando su relevancia en el contexto de la transformación digital. El estudio se desarrollará mediante un enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando un cuestionario validado que será aplicado a una muestra representativa de estudiantes con equidad de género. Los resultados serán analizados a través de SEM con mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM) para entender cómo estas competencias impactan la preparación de los y las estudiantes frente a los desafíos digitales actuales. Al finalizar el proyecto, los resultados se compartirán mediante, al menos, una publicación científica de alto impacto, una presentación en congreso, y un seminario de cierre dirigido a la comunidad universitaria, generando una base de conocimiento que apoye el desarrollo de políticas institucionales para reducir las brechas digitales de género en la educación superior.